Ether And Field Language Evidence
Ether And Field Language
Section titled “Ether And Field Language”Evidence status: generated from processed OCR/PDF text. Treat each hit as a source-location aid until the passage is checked against the scan.
4352 hits
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283 sections
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What This Theme Gathers
Section titled “What This Theme Gathers”Source-located passages where Steinmetz uses ether, field, force, stress, strain, pressure, tension, medium, displacement, or related older field vocabulary.
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Modern Reading Prompt
Read these passages first as historical electrical field language. Translate only after checking whether Steinmetz is describing a mathematical field, a material medium, an analogy, or a physical ontology.
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Matched Aliases
Section titled “Matched Aliases”| Alias | Hits |
|---|---|
field | 3583 |
displacement | 224 |
pressure | 114 |
fields | 111 |
medium | 108 |
tension | 80 |
ether | 66 |
field of force | 40 |
strain | 37 |
stress | 29 |
Source Distribution
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Section titled “Representative Source-Located Passages”Chapter 20: Single-Phase Commutator Motors - 306 hit(s)
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... econom- ical, due to their very low speed, resultant from the low frequency. The direction of rotation of a direct-current motor, whether shunt or series motor, remains the same at a reversal of the im- pressed e.m.f., as in this case the current in the armature circuit and the current in the field circuit and so the field magnetism both reverse. Theoretically, a direct-current motor therefore could be operated on an alternating impressed e.m.f. provided that the magnetic circuit of the motor is laminated, so as to fol- low the alternations of magnetism without serious loss of power, and ...... ir very low speed, resultant from the low frequency. The direction of rotation of a direct-current motor, whether shunt or series motor, remains the same at a reversal of the im- pressed e.m.f., as in this case the current in the armature circuit and the current in the field circuit and so the field magnetism both reverse. Theoretically, a direct-current motor therefore could be operated on an alternating impressed e.m.f. provided that the magnetic circuit of the motor is laminated, so as to fol- low the alternations of magnetism without serious loss of power, and that precautions are tak ...Lecture 4: Single-Energy Transients In Alternating Current Circuits - 137 hit(s)
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... the instantaneous values of the resultant currents (shown in drawn line) must be zero at any moment, not only during the permanent condition, but also dur- ing the transition period existing before the permanent condi- tion is reached. It is interesting to apply this to the resultant magnetic field produced by three equal three-phase magnetizing coils placed under equal angles, that is, to the starting of the three-phase rotating magnetic field, or in general any polyphase rotating magnetic field. Fig. 18. — Construction of Starting Transient of Rotating Field. As is well known, thr ...... dur- ing the transition period existing before the permanent condi- tion is reached. It is interesting to apply this to the resultant magnetic field produced by three equal three-phase magnetizing coils placed under equal angles, that is, to the starting of the three-phase rotating magnetic field, or in general any polyphase rotating magnetic field. Fig. 18. — Construction of Starting Transient of Rotating Field. As is well known, three equal magnetizing coils, placed under equal angles and excited by three-phase currents, produce a result- ant magnetic field which is constant in i ...Lecture 2: Conclusions From The Relativity Theory - 134 hit(s)
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... e become dependent on the conditions of obser- vation. The law of conservation of matter thus had to be abandoned and mass became a manifestation of energy. The law of gravitation has been recast, and the force of gravitation has become an effect of inertial motion, like centrifugal force. The ether has been abandoned, and the field of force of Faraday and Maxwell has become the fundamental conception of physics. The laws of mechanics ^ have been changed, and time and space have been bound' together in the four-dimensional world space, the dimen- sions of which are neither space nor time, ...... s of obser- vation. The law of conservation of matter thus had to be abandoned and mass became a manifestation of energy. The law of gravitation has been recast, and the force of gravitation has become an effect of inertial motion, like centrifugal force. The ether has been abandoned, and the field of force of Faraday and Maxwell has become the fundamental conception of physics. The laws of mechanics ^ have been changed, and time and space have been bound' together in the four-dimensional world space, the dimen- sions of which are neither space nor time, but a symmetrical combination of both. W ...Lecture 4: Single-Energy Transients In Alternating Current Circuits - 133 hit(s)
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... the instantaneous values of the resultant currents (shown in drawn line) must be zero at any moment, not only during the permanent condition, but also dur- ing the transition period existing before the permanent condi- tion is reached. It is interesting to apply this to the resultant magnetic field produced by three equal three-phase magnetizing coils placed under equal angles, that is, to the starting of the three-phase rotating magnetic field, or in general any polyphase rotating magnetic field. Fig. 18. — Construction of Starting Transient of Rotating Field. As is well known, thre ...... dur- ing the transition period existing before the permanent condi- tion is reached. It is interesting to apply this to the resultant magnetic field produced by three equal three-phase magnetizing coils placed under equal angles, that is, to the starting of the three-phase rotating magnetic field, or in general any polyphase rotating magnetic field. Fig. 18. — Construction of Starting Transient of Rotating Field. As is well known, three equal magnetizing coils, placed under equal angles and excited by three-phase currents, produce a result- ant magnetic field which is constant in in ...Lecture 14: Alternating Current Railway Motor - 129 hit(s)
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FOURTEENTH LECTURE ALTERNATING CURRENT RAILWAY MOTOR. mN a direct current motor, whether a shunt or a series motor, the motor still revolves in the same direction, if the impressed e. m. f. be reversed, as field and arma- ture both reverse. Since a reversal of voltage does not change the operation of the motor, such a direct current motor there- fore can operate also on alternating current. With an alter- nating voltage supply, the field magnetism of the motor also alternates ; the motor field must th ...... in the same direction, if the impressed e. m. f. be reversed, as field and arma- ture both reverse. Since a reversal of voltage does not change the operation of the motor, such a direct current motor there- fore can operate also on alternating current. With an alter- nating voltage supply, the field magnetism of the motor also alternates ; the motor field must therefore be laminated, to avoid excessive energy losses and heating by eddy currents (cur- rents produced in the field iron by the alternation of the mag- netism) just as in the direct current motor the armature must be laminated. ...Lecture 3: Gravitation And The Gravitational Fleld - 102 hit(s)
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LECTURE III GRAVITATION AND THE GRAVITATIONAL FLELD A. THE IDENTITY OF GRAVITATIONAL, CENTRIFUGAL AND INERTIAL MASS As seen in the preceding lecture, the conception of the ether as the carrier of radiation had to be abandoned as incompatible with the theory of relativity; the conception of action at a distance is repugnant to our reasoning, and its place is taken by the conception of the field of force, or, more correctly, the energy field. The energy field is a stor ...... AND INERTIAL MASS As seen in the preceding lecture, the conception of the ether as the carrier of radiation had to be abandoned as incompatible with the theory of relativity; the conception of action at a distance is repugnant to our reasoning, and its place is taken by the conception of the field of force, or, more correctly, the energy field. The energy field is a storage of energy in space, character- ized by the property of exerting a force on any body susceptible to this energy — that is, a magnetic field on a magnetizable body, a gravitational field on a gravitational mass, etc. Light, ...Chapter 22: Armature Reactions Of Alternators - 91 hit(s)
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CHAPTER XXII ARMATURE REACTIONS OF ALTERNATORS 192. The change of the terminal voltage of an alternating current generator, resulting from a change of load at constant field excitation, is due to the combined effect of armature reaction and armature self-induction. The counter m.m.f. of the armature current, or armature reaction, combines with the impressed m.m.f. or field excitation to the resultant m.m.f., which produces the resultant magnetic field in the field ...... nal voltage of an alternating current generator, resulting from a change of load at constant field excitation, is due to the combined effect of armature reaction and armature self-induction. The counter m.m.f. of the armature current, or armature reaction, combines with the impressed m.m.f. or field excitation to the resultant m.m.f., which produces the resultant magnetic field in the field poles and generates in the armature an e.m.f. called the "virtual generated e.m.f.," since it has no actual existence, but is merely a mathematical fiction. The counter e.m.f. of self-induction of the ...Chapter 13: Reactance Of Synchronous Machines - 77 hit(s)
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... YNCHRONOUS MACHINES 119. The synchronous machine — ^alternating-current generator, synchronous motor or synchronous condenser — consists of an armature containing one or more electric circuits traversed by alternating currents and synchronously revolving relative to a unidirectional magnetic field, excited by direct current. The armature circuit, like every electric circuit, has a resistance, r, in which power is being dissipated by the current, /, and an in- ductance, L, or reactance, a; = 2 irfL^ which represents the mag- netic flux produced by the current in the armature circuit, and ...... ng dissipated by the current, /, and an in- ductance, L, or reactance, a; = 2 irfL^ which represents the mag- netic flux produced by the current in the armature circuit, and interlinked with this circuit. Thus, if ^^ = voltage induced in the armature circuit by its rotation through the magnetic field — or, as now more usually the case, the rotation of the magnetic field through the armature circuit — the terminal voltage of the armature circuit is ^ = ^o-(r+jx)/. In Fig. 110 is shown diagrammatically the path of the field flux, in two different positions, A with an armature slot standin ...Chapter 14: Short-Circuit Currents Of Alternators - 72 hit(s)
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... CURRENTS OF ALTERNATORS. 112. The short-circuit current of an alternator is limited by armature reaction and armature self-inductance; that is, the current in the armature represents a m.m.f. which with lagging current, as at short circuit, is demagnetizing or opposing the impressed m.m.f. of field excitation, and by combining therewith to a resultant m.m.f. reduces the magnetic flux from that corre- sponding to the field excitation to that corresponding to the resultant of field excitation and armature reaction, and thus reduces the generated e.m.f. from the nominal generated e.m.f., eO ...... ductance; that is, the current in the armature represents a m.m.f. which with lagging current, as at short circuit, is demagnetizing or opposing the impressed m.m.f. of field excitation, and by combining therewith to a resultant m.m.f. reduces the magnetic flux from that corre- sponding to the field excitation to that corresponding to the resultant of field excitation and armature reaction, and thus reduces the generated e.m.f. from the nominal generated e.m.f., eOJ to the virtual generated e.m.f., er The armature current also produces a local magnetic flux in the armature iron and pole- ...Chapter 10: Mutual Inductance - 66 hit(s)
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... vely related to each other symmetrically, or reduced thereto; that is, where the mutual inductance is due to coils enclosed in the first circuit, interlinked magnetically with coils enclosed in the second circuit, as the primary and the secondary coils of a transformer, or a shunt and a series field winding of a generator, 144 TRANSIENT PHENOMENA the two coils are assumed as of the same number of turns, or reduced thereto. ri, No. turns second circuit If a = — = — =rr— — - -- : - r— , the currents in the nA No. turns first circuit second circuit are multiplied, the e.m.fs. divided ...... uation of voltage, actually an appreciable time must elapse. A 600-kw. 8-pole direct-current generator overcompounds from 500 volts at no load to 600 volts at terminals at full load of 1000 amperes. The circuit constants are: resistance of armature winding, r0 = 0.01 ohm; resistance of series field winding, r2' = 0.003 ohm; number of turns per pole in shunt field winding, n1= 1000, and magnetic flux per pole at 500 volts, 4> = 10 megalines. At 600 volts full load terminal voltage (or voltage from brush to brush) the generated e.m.f. is e + irQ = 610 volts. From the saturation curve or ...Theory Section 19: Fields of Force - 65 hit(s)
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19. FIELDS OF FORCE 89. When an electric current flows through a conductor, power is consumed and heat produced inside of the conductor. In the space outside and surrounding the conductor, a change has taken place also, and this space is not neutral and inert any ...... s in chains; a magnetic needle is moved and places itself in a definite direction. Due to the passage of the current in the conductor, there are therefore in the spaces outside of the con- ductor — where the current does not flow — forces exerted, and FIELDS OF FORCE 113 this space then is not neutral space, but has become a field of force, and the cause of the field, in this case the electric current in the conductor, is its "motive force." As in this case the actions exerted in the field of force are ...Lecture 2: The Electric Field - 61 hit(s)
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LECTURE II. THE ELECTRIC FIELD. 7. Let, in Fig. 7, a generator G transmit electric power over line A into a receiving circuit M. While power flows through the conductors A, power is con- sumed in these conductors by JV[ conversion into heat, repre- sented by ^2r. This, however, Fig. 7. is not all, but in the space su ...... flows through the conductors A, power is con- sumed in these conductors by JV[ conversion into heat, repre- sented by ^2r. This, however, Fig. 7. is not all, but in the space surrounding the conductor cer- tain phenomena occur: magnetic and electrostatic forces appear. Fig. 8. — Electric Field of Conductor. The conductor is surrounded by a magnetic field, or a magnetic flux, which is measured by the number of lines of magnetic force $. With a single conductor, the lines of magnetic force are concentric circles, as shown in Fig. 8. By the return conductor, the circles 10 THE EL ...Lecture 2: The Electric Field - 61 hit(s)
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LECTURE II. THE ELECTRIC FIELD. 7. Let, in Fig. 7, a generator G transmit electric power over line A into a receiving circuit L. While power flows through the conductors A, power is con- sumed in these conductors by conversion into heat, repre- sented by i?r. This, however, Fig. 7. is not all, but in the space surr ...... r flows through the conductors A, power is con- sumed in these conductors by conversion into heat, repre- sented by i?r. This, however, Fig. 7. is not all, but in the space surrounding the conductor cer- tain phenomena occur: magnetic and electrostatic forces appear. Fig. 8. — Electric Field of Conductor. The conductor is surrounded by a magnetic field, or a magnetic flux, which is measured by the number of lines of magnetic force <J>. With a single conductor, the lines of magnetic force are concentric circles, as shown in Fig. 8. By the return conductor, the circles 10 THE E ...Chapter 8: Velocity Of Propagation Of Electric Field - 59 hit(s)
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CHAPTER VIII. VELOCITY OF PROPAGATION OF ELECTRIC FIELD. 67. In the theoretical investigation of electric circuits the velocity of propagation of the electric field through space is usually not considered, but the electric field assumed as instan- taneous throughout space; that is, the electromagnetic com- ponent of the field is considered as in p ...CHAPTER VIII. VELOCITY OF PROPAGATION OF ELECTRIC FIELD. 67. In the theoretical investigation of electric circuits the velocity of propagation of the electric field through space is usually not considered, but the electric field assumed as instan- taneous throughout space; that is, the electromagnetic com- ponent of the field is considered as in phase with the current, the electrostatic component as in phase with the voltage. In reality, however, the elec ...Chapter 1: The Constants Of The Electric Circuit - 58 hit(s)
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... uctive receiver circuit, the flow of energy always decreases from generating to receiving circuit, and the power gradient therefore is characteristic of the direc- tion of the flow of energy.) In the space outside of the conductor, during the flow of energy through the circuit, a condition of stress exists which is called the electric field of the conductor. That is, the surrounding space is not uniform, but has different electric and magnetic properties in different directions. No power is required to maintain the electric field, but energy 3 4 TRANSIENT PHENOMENA is required to p ...... always decreases from generating to receiving circuit, and the power gradient therefore is characteristic of the direc- tion of the flow of energy.) In the space outside of the conductor, during the flow of energy through the circuit, a condition of stress exists which is called the electric field of the conductor. That is, the surrounding space is not uniform, but has different electric and magnetic properties in different directions. No power is required to maintain the electric field, but energy 3 4 TRANSIENT PHENOMENA is required to produce the electric field, and this energy ...Lecture 4: The Characteristics Of Space A. The Geometry Of The Gravitational Field - 56 hit(s)
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LECTURE IV THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPACE A. THE GEOMETRY OF THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD The starting point of the relativity theory is that the laws of nature, including the velocity of light in empty space, are the same everywhere and with regard to any system to which they may be referred — whether on the revolving platform of the earth or in the speeding railway train or in ...... een the fixed stars. From this it follows that the length of a body is not a fixed property of it, but is relative, depending on the conditions of obser- vation— the relative velocity of the observer with regard to the body. It also is shown that the laws of motion of bodies in a gravitational field are identical with the laws of inertial motion with regard to an accelerating system (as exemplified by the billiard ball in the speeding railway train, Lecture I). From these two conclusions it follows that in the gravitational field the circumference of a circle is not equal to tt times its ...Chapter 3: Inductance And Resistance In Continuous Current Circuits - 56 hit(s)
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... circuits to reduce the inductance than in alternating-current circuits, where the inductance usually causes a drop of voltage, and direct-current circuits as a rule have higher inductance, especially if the circuit is used for producing magnetic flux, as in solenoids, electro- magnets, machine-fields. Any change of the condition of a continuous-current circuit, as a change of e.m.f., of resistance, etc., which leads to a change of current from one value i0 to another value iv results in the appearance of a transient term connecting the current values i0 and iv and into the equation of the ...... it. That is, an inductive circuit cannot be opened instantly, but the arc following the break maintains the circuit for some time, and the voltage generated in opening an inductive circuit is the higher the quicker the break. Hence in a highly inductive circuit, as an electromagnet or a machine field, the insulation may be punctured by excessive generated e.m.f. when quickly opening the circuit. As example, some typical circuits may be considered. CONTINUOUS-CURRENT CIRCUITS 27 21. Starting of a continuous-current lighting circuit, or non-in- ductive load. Let e0 = 125 volts = impre ...Theory Section 1: Magnetism and Electric Current - 55 hit(s)
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1. MAGNETISM AND ELECTRIC CURRENT 1. A magnet pole attracting (or repelling) another magnet pole of equal strength at unit distance with unit force1 is called a unit magnet pole. The space surrounding a magnet pole is called a magnetic field of force, or magnetic field. The magnetic field at unit distance from a unit magnet pole is called a unit magnetic field, and is represented by one line of magnetic force (or shortly "one line") per square centimeter, and from a unit magnet pole thus issue a to ...... SM AND ELECTRIC CURRENT 1. A magnet pole attracting (or repelling) another magnet pole of equal strength at unit distance with unit force1 is called a unit magnet pole. The space surrounding a magnet pole is called a magnetic field of force, or magnetic field. The magnetic field at unit distance from a unit magnet pole is called a unit magnetic field, and is represented by one line of magnetic force (or shortly "one line") per square centimeter, and from a unit magnet pole thus issue a total of 4 TT lines ...Chapter 14: Dielectric Losses - 52 hit(s)
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... tive reactance, as "effective resistance," so the energy losses in the dielectric lead to a power component in the condensive reactance, which may be repre- sented by an "effective resistance of dielectric losses" or an "effective conductance of dielectric losses." In the alternating magnetic field, power is consumed by mag- netic hysteresis. This is proportional to the frequency, and to the 1.6*'' power of the magnetic density, and is considerable, amounting in a closed magnetic circuit to 40 to 60 per cent, of the total volt-amperes. In the dielectric field, the energy losses usually ...... In the alternating magnetic field, power is consumed by mag- netic hysteresis. This is proportional to the frequency, and to the 1.6*'' power of the magnetic density, and is considerable, amounting in a closed magnetic circuit to 40 to 60 per cent, of the total volt-amperes. In the dielectric field, the energy losses usually are very much smaller, rarely amounting to more than a few per cent., though they may at high temperature in cables rise as high as 40 to 60 per cent. The foremost such losses are: leakage, that is, ih loss of the current passing by conduction (as "dynamic current") ...Chapter 4: Induction Motor With Secondary Excitation - 52 hit(s)
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CHAPTER IV INDUCTION MOTOR WITH SECONDARY EXCITATION 38. While in the typical synchronous machine and eommu- tating machine the magnetic field is excited by a direct current, characteristic of the induction machine is, that the magnetic field is excited by an alternating current derived from the alter- nating supply voltage, just as in the alternating-current trans- former. As the alternating magnetizing current is a wattless reactiv ...CHAPTER IV INDUCTION MOTOR WITH SECONDARY EXCITATION 38. While in the typical synchronous machine and eommu- tating machine the magnetic field is excited by a direct current, characteristic of the induction machine is, that the magnetic field is excited by an alternating current derived from the alter- nating supply voltage, just as in the alternating-current trans- former. As the alternating magnetizing current is a wattless reactive current, the result is, that the alternating-current input into the induction motor is always laggi ...Chapter 21: Alternating-Current Generator - 48 hit(s)
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CHAPTER XXI ALTERNATING-CURRENT GENERATOR 185. In the alternating-current generator, e.m.f. is generated in the armature conductors by their relative motion through a constant or approximately constant magnetic field. When yielding current, two distinctly different m.m.fs. are acting upon the alternator armature — the m.m.f. of the field due to the field-exciting spools, and the m.m.f. of the armature current. The former is constant, or approximately so, while the latter is alternating, and in synchronous ...... 185. In the alternating-current generator, e.m.f. is generated in the armature conductors by their relative motion through a constant or approximately constant magnetic field. When yielding current, two distinctly different m.m.fs. are acting upon the alternator armature — the m.m.f. of the field due to the field-exciting spools, and the m.m.f. of the armature current. The former is constant, or approximately so, while the latter is alternating, and in synchronous motion relatively to the former; hence fixed in space relative to the field m.m.f., or uni- FiG. 129. directional; but ...Chapter 17: Inductor Machines - 47 hit(s)
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CHAPTER XVII INDUCTOR MACHINES Inductor Alternators, Etc. 156. Synchronous machines may be built with stationary field and revolving armature, as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 134, or with revolving field and stationary armature, Fig. 135, or with stationary field and stationary armature, but revolving magnetic circuit. The revolving-armature type was the most frequent in the early days, but has practically ...CHAPTER XVII INDUCTOR MACHINES Inductor Alternators, Etc. 156. Synchronous machines may be built with stationary field and revolving armature, as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 134, or with revolving field and stationary armature, Fig. 135, or with stationary field and stationary armature, but revolving magnetic circuit. The revolving-armature type was the most frequent in the early days, but has practically gone out of use except for special Fia. 134. — Revolving armature alternator Fig. ...Chapter 21: Regulating Pole Converters - 47 hit(s)
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... constant impressed alternating voltage, is in- 424 EL ECTRIC A L A PPA RA T f '8 dependent of the wave shape, and thus run be produced whether the alternating voltage is a sine wave or any other wave. It is obvious that, instead of shifting the brushes on the com- mutator, the magnetic field poles may \k< shifted, in the opposite direction, by the same angle, as shown in Fig. 198, A, B, C. Instead of mechanically shifting the field poles, they can bt shifted electrically, by having each field pole consist of a numUr of sections, and successively reversing the polarity of these sec ...... ether the alternating voltage is a sine wave or any other wave. It is obvious that, instead of shifting the brushes on the com- mutator, the magnetic field poles may \k< shifted, in the opposite direction, by the same angle, as shown in Fig. 198, A, B, C. Instead of mechanically shifting the field poles, they can bt shifted electrically, by having each field pole consist of a numUr of sections, and successively reversing the polarity of these sec- tions, as shown in Fig. 199, A, B, C, D. by mechanically shifting llie poles. Instead of having a large number of field pole sections, ob ...Chapter 17: Alternating-Current Generator - 45 hit(s)
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CHAPTER XVII. ALTERNATING-CURRENT GENERATOR. 182. In the alternating-current generator, E.M.F. is induced in the armature conductors by their relative motion through a constant or approximately constant magnetic field. When yielding current, two distinctly different M.M.Fs. are acting upon the alternator armature — the M.M.F. of the field due to the field-exciting 'spools, and the M.M.F. of the armature current. The former is constant, or approx- imately so, while the latter is alternating, and in synchro- ...... 182. In the alternating-current generator, E.M.F. is induced in the armature conductors by their relative motion through a constant or approximately constant magnetic field. When yielding current, two distinctly different M.M.Fs. are acting upon the alternator armature — the M.M.F. of the field due to the field-exciting 'spools, and the M.M.F. of the armature current. The former is constant, or approx- imately so, while the latter is alternating, and in synchro- nous motion relatively to the former ; hence, fixed in space relative to the field M.M.F., or uni-directional, but pulsating ...Lecture 17: Arc Lighting - 43 hit(s)
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... either direct current or alternating current. For direct current constant current supply, separate arc light machines have been built, and are still largely used. In these machines, inherent regulation for constant current is produced by using a very high armature reaction and relatively weak field excitation; that is, the armature ampere turns are nearly equal and opposite to the field ampere turns, and thus both very large compared with the difference, the resultant ampere turns, which produce the magnetic field. A moderate increase of current and consequent increase of armature ampere ...... separate arc light machines have been built, and are still largely used. In these machines, inherent regulation for constant current is produced by using a very high armature reaction and relatively weak field excitation; that is, the armature ampere turns are nearly equal and opposite to the field ampere turns, and thus both very large compared with the difference, the resultant ampere turns, which produce the magnetic field. A moderate increase of current and consequent increase of armature ampere turns therefore greatly reduces the resultant ampere turns and ARC LIGHTING 221 so th ...Chapter 24: Synchronous Motor - 42 hit(s)
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... ion that loading the motor reduces, unloading increases, the current within the range between 1 and 12. The condition of maximum output is 3, current in phase with impressed e.m.f. Since at constant current the loss is constant, this is at the same time the condition of maximum efficiency; no displacement of phase of the impressed e.m.f., or self-induction of the circuit compensated by the effect of the lead of the motor current. This condition of maximum efficiency of a circuit we have found already in Chapter XL 216. B. £"0 and Ei constant, I variable. Obviously Eq lies again on the circle ...... ^ = impedance of the circuit of (equivalent) resistance, r, and (equivalent) reactance, x = 2 irfL, containing the impressed e.m.f., eo and the counter e.m.f., d, of the syn- chronous motor ^; that is, the e.m.f. generated in the motor arma- ture by its rotation through the (resultant) magnetic field. Let i = current in the circuit (effective values). The mechanical power delivered by the synchronous motor (including friction and core loss) is the electric power consumed by the counter e.m.f., ei; hence ■p = iei cos {i, 6]); (1) thus, cos (t, ei) = -^> lei sin a, eO = ^1 - (|-j ...Chapter 19: Commutatob Motobs - 41 hit(s)
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... sence of commu- tators. The main subdivisions of commutator motors are the repulsion motor, the series motor, and the shunt motor. REPULSION MOTOR. 193. The repulsion motor is an induction motor or transformer motor ; that is, a motor in which the main current enters the primary member or field only, while in the secondary member, or armature, a current is in- duced, and thus the action is due to the repulsive thrust between induced current and inducing magnetism. As stated under the heading of induction motors, a multiple circuit armature is required for the purpose of having alwa ...... pulsive thrust between induced current and inducing magnetism. As stated under the heading of induction motors, a multiple circuit armature is required for the purpose of having always secondary circuits in inductive relation to the primary circuit during the rotation. If with a single- coil field, these secondary circuits are constantly closed upon themselves as in the induction motor, the primary circuit will not exert a rotary effect upon the armature while at rest, since in half of the armature coils the cur- rent is induced so as to give a rotary effort in the one direction, and in ...Chapter 20: Commutator Motors - 41 hit(s)
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... ence of commu- tators. The main subdivisions of commutator motcrs are the repulsion motor, the series motor, and the shunt motor. REPULSION MOTOR. 214. The repulsion motor -is an induction motor or transformer motor ; that is, a motor in which the main current enters the primary member or field only, while in the secondary member, or armature, a current is in- duced, arid thus the action is due to the repulsive thrust between induced current and inducing magnetism. As stated under the heading of induction motors, a multiple circuit armature is required for the purpose of having alw ...... pulsive thrust between induced current and inducing magnetism. As stated under the heading of induction motors, a multiple circuit armature is required for the purpose of having always secondary circuits in inductive relation to the primary circuit during the rotation. If with a single- coil field, these secondary circuits are constantly closed upon themselves as in the induction motor, the primary circuit will not exert a rotary effect upon the armature while at rest, since in half of the armature coils the cur- rent is induced so as to give a rotary effort in the one direction, and in ...Chapter 16: Aiitebnatingh-Current Osnebator - 37 hit(s)
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CHAPTER XVI. AIiTEBNATINGh-CURRENT OSNEBATOR. 159. In the alternating-current generator, E.M.F. is induced in the armature conductors by their relative motion through a constant or approximately constant magnetic field. When yielding current, two distinctly different M.M.Fs. are acting upon the alternator armature — the M.M.F. of the field due to the field-exciting spools, and the M.M.F. of the armature current. The former is constant, or approx- imately so, while the latter is alternating, and in synchro- ...... 159. In the alternating-current generator, E.M.F. is induced in the armature conductors by their relative motion through a constant or approximately constant magnetic field. When yielding current, two distinctly different M.M.Fs. are acting upon the alternator armature — the M.M.F. of the field due to the field-exciting spools, and the M.M.F. of the armature current. The former is constant, or approx- imately so, while the latter is alternating, and in synchro- nous motion relatively to the former ; hence, fixed in space relative to the field M.M.F., or uni-directional, but pulsating ...Chapter 11: Phase Control - 36 hit(s)
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... t requires a receiving circuit in which, independent of the load, a lagging or leading component of current can be produced at will. Such is the case in synchronous motors or converters: in a synchronous motor a lagging current can be produced by decreasing, a leading current by increasing, the field excitation. 81. If in a direct-current motor, at constant impressed voltage, the field excitation and therefore the field magnetism is decreased, the motor speed increases, as the armature has to revolve faster to consume the impressed e.m.f., and if the field excitation is increased, the mot ...... mponent of current can be produced at will. Such is the case in synchronous motors or converters: in a synchronous motor a lagging current can be produced by decreasing, a leading current by increasing, the field excitation. 81. If in a direct-current motor, at constant impressed voltage, the field excitation and therefore the field magnetism is decreased, the motor speed increases, as the armature has to revolve faster to consume the impressed e.m.f., and if the field excitation is increased, the motor slows down. A synchronous motor, however, cannot vary in speed, since it must keep in ...