Chapter 2: Electric Conduction. Gas And Vapor
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Source Metadata
Section titled “Source Metadata”| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Source | Theory and Calculation of Electric Circuits |
| Year | 1917 |
| Section ID | theory-calculation-electric-circuits-chapter-02 |
| Location | lines 3895-5444 |
| Status | candidate |
| Word Count | 3991 |
| Equation Candidates In Section | 38 |
| Figure Candidates In Section | 1 |
| Quote Candidates In Section | 0 |
Opening Source Excerpt
Section titled “Opening Source Excerpt”CHAPTER II ELECTRIC CONDUCTION. GAS AND VAPOR CONDUCTORS Gas, Vapor and Vacuum Conduction 18. As further, and last class may be considered vapor, gas and vacuum conduction. Typical of this is, that the volt-ampere characteristic is dropping, that is, the voltage decreases with in- crease of current, and that luminescence accompanies the con- duction, that is, conversion of electric energy into light. Thus, gas and vapor conductors are unstable on constant- potential supply, but stable on constant current. On constant potential they require a series resistance or reactance, to produce stability. Such conduction may be divided into three distinct types: spark conduction, arc conduction, and true electronic conduction. In spark conduction, the gas or vapor which fills the space be- tween the electrodes is the conductor. The light given by the gaseous conductor thus showsSource-Located Theme Snippets
Section titled “Source-Located Theme Snippets”Radiation / light
Section titled “Radiation / light”... may be considered vapor, gas and vacuum conduction. Typical of this is, that the volt-ampere characteristic is dropping, that is, the voltage decreases with in- crease of current, and that luminescence accompanies the con- duction, that is, conversion of electric energy into light. Thus, gas and vapor conductors are unstable on constant- potential supply, but stable on constant current. On constant potential they require a series resistance or reactance, to produce stability. Such conduction may be divided into three distinct types: spark conducti ...Waves / transmission lines
Section titled “Waves / transmission lines”... heated to high tem- perature, an arc spot may form on it by heat energy. If, there- fore, a body touched by the arc stream is connected to an alternat- ing voltage, so that it is alternately positive and negative toward the arc stream, then conduction occurs during the half-wave, when this body is positive, but no conduction during the negative half-wave (except when the negative voltage is so high as to give disruptive conduction), and the arc thus rectifies the alternating voltage, that is, permits current to pass in one direction only. The arc t ...Dielectricity / capacity
Section titled “Dielectricity / capacity”... ure stability by series resistance, but the con- duction changes to arc conduction, if sufficient current is avail- able, as from power generators, or the conduction ceases by the voltage drop of the supply source, and then starts again by the recovery of voltage, as with an electrostatic machine. Thus spark conduction also is called disruptive conduction and discon- tinuous conduction. Apparently continuous — though still interipittent — spark con- duction is produced at atmospheric pressure by capacity in series to the gaseous conductor, on an alternating ...Impedance / reactance
Section titled “Impedance / reactance”... rrent, and that luminescence accompanies the con- duction, that is, conversion of electric energy into light. Thus, gas and vapor conductors are unstable on constant- potential supply, but stable on constant current. On constant potential they require a series resistance or reactance, to produce stability. Such conduction may be divided into three distinct types: spark conduction, arc conduction, and true electronic conduction. In spark conduction, the gas or vapor which fills the space be- tween the electrodes is the conductor. The light given by the ...Chapter-Local Concept Hits
Section titled “Chapter-Local Concept Hits”| Concept Candidate | Hits In Section | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Light | 5 | seeded |
| Radiation | 4 | seeded |
| Luminescence | 3 | seeded |
| Spectrum | 1 | seeded |
Chapter-Local Glossary Hits
Section titled “Chapter-Local Glossary Hits”| Term Candidate | Hits In Section | Status |
|---|---|---|
| No chapter-local term hits yet | - | - |
Equation Candidates
Section titled “Equation Candidates”| Candidate ID | OCR / PDF-Text Candidate | Source Location |
|---|---|---|
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0047 | Fig. 16 shows the voltage-pressure characteristic, at constant | line 4236 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0048 | current of 0.1 amp. and 0.05 amp., of a Geissler tube of 1.3 cm. | line 4237 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0049 | internal diameter and 200 cm. length, using air as conductor, and | line 4238 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0050 | 65 to 500 ohms per cm.* in the Geissler tube conduction of Figs. | line 4252 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0051 | netite arcs of 0.3; 1.25; 2.5 and 3.75 cm. length. | line 4671 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0052 | e = a + 7T- (4) | line 4676 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0053 | Pi = 6i i = c -y/i {I + 8) | line 4701 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0054 | ei = 7T— (5) | line 4704 |
Figure Candidates
Section titled “Figure Candidates”| Candidate ID | OCR / PDF-Text Candidate | Source Location |
|---|---|---|
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-fig-021 | at low currents the voltage rises again, due to the arc not filling the entire tube. Such a volt-ampere characteristic is given in Fig. 21. 26. Herefrom then follows, that the v… | line 5200 |
Hidden-Gem Quote Candidates
Section titled “Hidden-Gem Quote Candidates”| Candidate ID | Candidate Passage | Source Location |
|---|---|---|
| No chapter-local candidates yet | - | - |
Modern Engineering Reading Prompts
Section titled “Modern Engineering Reading Prompts”- Radiation / light: Compare the chapter’s radiation vocabulary with modern electromagnetic radiation, spectral frequency, wavelength, absorption, and illumination engineering.
- Waves / transmission lines: Map Steinmetz’s wave and line language onto modern distributed constants, propagation velocity, standing waves, and reflections.
- Dielectricity / capacity: Check whether the passage treats capacity, condensers, displacement, or dielectric stress as field storage rather than only circuit algebra.
- Impedance / reactance: Translate historical opposition terms into modern impedance, admittance, conductance, susceptance, and complex-plane notation.
- Alternating current: Compare Steinmetz’s AC language with modern sinusoidal steady-state analysis, RMS quantities, phase, and phasor notation.
Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary
Section titled “Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary”- Radiation / light: Radiation and wave language can invite ether-field comparison, but source wording, modern radiation theory, and speculative synthesis must stay separated.
- Waves / transmission lines: Standing/traveling wave passages may support richer field interpretations; the page keeps those readings separate from verified Steinmetz wording.
- Dielectricity / capacity: A Wheeler-style reading may emphasize dielectric compression, field stress, and stored potential, but this page treats that as interpretation unless Steinmetz explicitly says it.
Promotion Checklist
Section titled “Promotion Checklist”- Open the full source text and the scan or raw PDF.
- Verify the chapter boundary and surrounding context.
- Promote exact quotations only after checking the source image.
- Move mathematical candidates into canonical equation pages only after formula typography is corrected.
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