Chapter 10: Effective Resistance And Reactance
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Source Metadata
Section titled “Source Metadata”| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Source | Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena |
| Year | 1900 |
| Section ID | theory-calculation-alternating-current-phenomena-1900-chapter-10 |
| Location | lines 6957-8383 |
| Status | candidate |
| Word Count | 5062 |
| Equation Candidates In Section | 0 |
| Figure Candidates In Section | 0 |
| Quote Candidates In Section | 0 |
Opening Source Excerpt
Section titled “Opening Source Excerpt”CHAPTER X. EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE AND REACTANCE. 72. The resistance of an electric circuit is determined : — 1.) By direct comparison with a known resistance (Wheat- stone bridge method, etc.). This method gives what may be called the true ohmic resistance of the circuit. 2.) By the ratio : Volts consumed in circuit Amperes in circuit In an alternating-current circuit, this method gives, not the resistance of the circuit, but the impedance, 3.) By the ratio : r__ Power consumed . (Current)2 where, however, the "power" does not include the work done by the circuit, and the counter E.M.Fs. representing it, as, for instance, in the case of the counter E.M.F. of a motor. In alternating-current circuits, this value of resistance is the energy coefficient of the E.M.F., _ Energy component of E.M.F. Total currentSource-Located Theme Snippets
Section titled “Source-Located Theme Snippets”Magnetism
Section titled “Magnetism”... most of the difficulties met in dealing analytically with alternating-current circuits containing iron. 73. The foremost sources of energy loss in alternating- current circuits, outside of the true ohmic resistance loss, are as follows : 1.) Molecular friction, as, a.) Magnetic hysteresis ; b.) Dielectric hysteresis. 106 .ALTERNATING-CURRENT PHENOMENA. 2.) Primary electric currents, as, a.} Leakage or escape of current through the insu- lation, brush discharge ; b.) Eddy currents in the conductor or unequal current distribution. 3.) Secondar ...Waves / transmission lines
Section titled “Waves / transmission lines”... his phenomenon, first a circuit may be con- sidered, of very high inductance, but negligible true ohmic resistance ; that is, a circuit entirely surrounded by iron, as, for instance, the primary circuit of an alternating-current transformer with open secondary circuit. The wave of current produces in the iron an alternating magnetic flux which induces in the electric circuit an E.M.F., — the counter E.M.F. of self-induction. If the ohmic re- sistance is negligible, that is, practically no E.M.F. con- sumed by the resistance, all the impressed E.M.F ...Impedance / reactance
Section titled “Impedance / reactance”CHAPTER X. EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE AND REACTANCE. 72. The resistance of an electric circuit is determined : — 1.) By direct comparison with a known resistance (Wheat- stone bridge method, etc.). This method gives what may be called the true ohmic resistance of the circuit. 2.) By the ratio : Volts consumed in circu ...Hysteresis
Section titled “Hysteresis”... heat inside of the electric conductor by a current of uniform density, the effective resistance repre- sents the total expenditure of energy. Since, in an alternating-current circuit in general, energy is expended not only in the conductor, but also outside of it, through hysteresis, secondary currents, etc., the effective resistance frequently differs from the true ohmic resistance in such way as to represent a larger expenditure of energy. In dealing with alternating-current circuits, it is necessary, therefore, to substitute everywhere the values "e ...Chapter-Local Concept Hits
Section titled “Chapter-Local Concept Hits”| Concept Candidate | Hits In Section | Status |
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| Frequency | 16 | seeded |
| Magnetic permeability | 6 | seeded |
| Ether | 1 | seeded |
Chapter-Local Glossary Hits
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| ether | 1 | seeded |
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Modern Engineering Reading Prompts
Section titled “Modern Engineering Reading Prompts”- Magnetism: Track flux, reluctance, permeability, magnetizing force, and loss language against modern magnetic-circuit terminology.
- Waves / transmission lines: Map Steinmetz’s wave and line language onto modern distributed constants, propagation velocity, standing waves, and reflections.
- Impedance / reactance: Translate historical opposition terms into modern impedance, admittance, conductance, susceptance, and complex-plane notation.
- Hysteresis: Compare the passage with modern magnetic loss, B-H loop area, lag, material memory, and empirical loss laws.
- Alternating current: Compare Steinmetz’s AC language with modern sinusoidal steady-state analysis, RMS quantities, phase, and phasor notation.
Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary
Section titled “Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary”- Magnetism: Centrifugal/divergent magnetic-field readings are interpretive overlays, not automatic historical claims.
- Waves / transmission lines: Standing/traveling wave passages may support richer field interpretations; the page keeps those readings separate from verified Steinmetz wording.
- Hysteresis: An interpretive reading can treat hysteresis as field lag or memory, but the historical claim must remain Steinmetz’s actual magnetic-loss treatment.
Promotion Checklist
Section titled “Promotion Checklist”- Open the full source text and the scan or raw PDF.
- Verify the chapter boundary and surrounding context.
- Promote exact quotations only after checking the source image.
- Move mathematical candidates into canonical equation pages only after formula typography is corrected.
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- Keep Steinmetz wording, modern translation, and ether-field interpretation in separate labeled layers.