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Apparatus Section 1: Synchronous Converters: General

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FieldValue
SourceTheoretical Elements of Electrical Engineering
Year1915
Section IDtheoretical-elements-electrical-engineering-section-81
Locationlines 13189-13795
Statuscandidate
Word Count2131
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I. General 82. For long-distance transmission, and to a certain extent also for distribution, alternating currents, either polyphase or single-phase, are extensively used. For many applications, however, as especially for electrolytic work, direct currents are required, and are usually preferred also for electrical railroading and for low-tension distribution on the Edison three- wire system. Thus, where power is derived from an alternating system, transforming devices are required to convert from alternating to direct current. This can be done either by a direct-current generator driven by an alternating synchronous or induction motor, or by a single machine consuming alternating and pro- ducing direct current in one and the same armature. Such a machine is called a converter, and combines, to a certain extent, the features of a direct-current generator and an alternating synchronous motor, differing, however,
... - chronous motor the power has to be transmitted mechanically through the shaft. EC. Ratio of e.m.fs. and of Currents 83. In its structure the synchronous converter consists of a closed-circuit armature, revolving in a direct-current excited field, and connected to a segmental commutator as well as to collector rings. Structurally it thus differs from a direct- current machine by the addition of the collector rings, from certain (now very little used) forms of synchronous machines by ...
... te period for every revolution of the machine (in a 226 ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING bipolar converter, or p periods per revolution in a machine of 2 p poles). Hence, this alternating e.m.f. is e = E sin 2 trft, where / = frequency of rotation, E = e.m.f. between brushes of the machine; thus, the effective value of the alternating e.m.f. is F ;'* El 84. That is, a direct-current machine produces between two collector rings connected with two opposite poi ...
... erived from an alternating system, transforming devices are required to convert from alternating to direct current. This can be done either by a direct-current generator driven by an alternating synchronous or induction motor, or by a single machine consuming alternating and pro- ducing direct current in one and the same armature. Such a machine is called a converter, and combines, to a certain extent, the features of a direct-current generator and an alternating synchronous motor, dif ...
... a series-wound armature, and the number of armature coils per pair of poles with a multiple- wound armature, must be divisible by the number of phases, and that multiple spiral and reentrant windings are difficult to apply. Regarding the wave shape of the alternating counter-gener- SYNCHRONOUS CONVERTERS 225 ated e.m.f., similar considerations apply as for a synchronous machine with closed-circuit armature; that is, the generated e.m.f. usually approximates a sine wave, due t ...
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