Chapter 5: Magnetism
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Source Metadata
Section titled “Source Metadata”| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Source | Theory and Calculation of Electric Circuits |
| Year | 1917 |
| Section ID | theory-calculation-electric-circuits-chapter-05 |
| Location | lines 9062-11050 |
| Status | candidate |
| Word Count | 3661 |
| Equation Candidates In Section | 30 |
| Figure Candidates In Section | 0 |
| Quote Candidates In Section | 0 |
Opening Source Excerpt
Section titled “Opening Source Excerpt”CHAPTER V MAGNETISM Magnetic Constants 47. With the exception of a few ferromagnetic substances, the magnetic permeability of all materials, conductors and dielectrics, gases, liquids and solids, is practically unity for all industrial purposes. Even liquid oxygen, which has the highest permea- bility, differs only by a fraction of a per cent, from non-magnetic materials. Thus the permeability of neodymium, which is one of the most paramagnetic metals, is /x = 1.003; the permeability of bismuth, which is very strongly diamagnetic, is /* = 1 — 0.00017 = 0.99983. The magnetic elements are iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese and chromium. It is interesting to note that they are in atomic weight adjoining each other, in the latter part of the first half of the first large series of the periodic system: Ti V Cr Mn FeSource-Located Theme Snippets
Section titled “Source-Located Theme Snippets”Magnetism
Section titled “Magnetism”CHAPTER V MAGNETISM Magnetic Constants 47. With the exception of a few ferromagnetic substances, the magnetic permeability of all materials, conductors and dielectrics, gases, liquids and solids, is practically unity for all industrial purposes. Even liquid oxygen, which has the highest perm ...Field language
Section titled “Field language”... 760°C. with iron), at which th^ material suddenly ceases to be magnetizable or ferromagnetic a but usually remains slightly paramagnetic. As the result of the increasing magnetic softness and decreasini saturation density, with increasing temperature the density Bj at low field intensities, jff, increases, at high field intensiti^^fi decreases. Such B-temperature curves at constant H, howev^:^', have little significance, as they combine the effect of two chang^cii the increase of softness, which predominates at low Hy and ffce decrease of saturatio ...Hysteresis
Section titled “Hysteresis”... value. The only known exception herefrom seems to be an iron-cobalt alloy, which is alleged to have a saturation value about 10 per cent, higher than that of iron, though cobalt is lower than iron. The coefficient of magnetic hardness, a, however, and the co- efficient of hysteresis, 77, vary with the chemical, and more still with the physical characteristic of the magnetic material, over an enormous range. Thus, a special high-silicon steel, and the chilled glass hard tool steel in the following tables, have about the same percentage of non-magnetic ...Ether references
Section titled “Ether references”... rcury, copper, cobalt, etc. In this class also belong the chemical compounds of the mag- netic materials. Thus, a manganese content of 10 to 15 per cent, makes the iron Pi'actically non-magnetic, lowers the permeability to /x = 1.4. However, even here it is not certain whether this is not an ^^reme case of magnetic hardness, and at extremely high Magnetic fields the normal saturation value of the iron would be approached. Some nickel steels (25 per cent. Ni) may be either magnetic, or ^On-magnetic. However, pure iron, when heated to high incan- ...Chapter-Local Concept Hits
Section titled “Chapter-Local Concept Hits”| Concept Candidate | Hits In Section | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Ether | 5 | seeded |
| Light | 1 | seeded |
| Magnetic permeability | 1 | seeded |
Chapter-Local Glossary Hits
Section titled “Chapter-Local Glossary Hits”| Term Candidate | Hits In Section | Status |
|---|---|---|
| ether | 5 | seeded |
Equation Candidates
Section titled “Equation Candidates”| Candidate ID | OCR / PDF-Text Candidate | Source Location |
|---|---|---|
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0227 | 47. With the exception of a few ferromagnetic substances, the | line 9068 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0228 | paramagnetic metals, is /x = 1.003; the permeability of bismuth, | line 9076 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0229 | which is very strongly diamagnetic, is /* = 1 — 0.00017 = 0.99983. | line 9077 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0230 | ^^ lower intrinsic saturation value. Thus, if S = 21 X 10’ is | line 9101 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0231 | value ofS = 0.72 X 21 X 10« = 15.1 X 10* only, or a still lower | line 9110 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0232 | saturation value, S = 19.2 X 10^, but the coefficient of hardness | line 9125 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0233 | of chilled tool steel, a = 8 X 10~^, is 200 times that of the special | line 9126 |
theory-calculation-electric-circuits-eq-candidate-0234 | silicon steel, a = 0.04 X 10”^, and the coefficient of hysteresis of | line 9127 |
Figure Candidates
Section titled “Figure Candidates”| Candidate ID | OCR / PDF-Text Candidate | Source Location |
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| No chapter-local candidates yet | - | - |
Hidden-Gem Quote Candidates
Section titled “Hidden-Gem Quote Candidates”| Candidate ID | Candidate Passage | Source Location |
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| No chapter-local candidates yet | - | - |
Modern Engineering Reading Prompts
Section titled “Modern Engineering Reading Prompts”- Magnetism: Track flux, reluctance, permeability, magnetizing force, and loss language against modern magnetic-circuit terminology.
- Field language: Read for whether field language is mechanical, geometrical, causal, descriptive, or simply a convenient engineering model.
- Hysteresis: Compare the passage with modern magnetic loss, B-H loop area, lag, material memory, and empirical loss laws.
- Ether references: Verify exact wording before drawing conclusions. Ether language must be separated from later interpretive systems.
- Complex quantities: Track how Steinmetz preserves geometric rotation and quadrature while translating the same operation into symbolic form.
Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary
Section titled “Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary”- Magnetism: Centrifugal/divergent magnetic-field readings are interpretive overlays, not automatic historical claims.
- Field language: Field-pressure or field-gradient interpretations can be explored here only after the explicit source passage and modern engineering translation are kept distinct.
- Hysteresis: An interpretive reading can treat hysteresis as field lag or memory, but the historical claim must remain Steinmetz’s actual magnetic-loss treatment.
- Ether references: If Steinmetz mentions ether, quote only the verified source words first; any broader ether-field synthesis belongs in a labeled interpretive layer.
Promotion Checklist
Section titled “Promotion Checklist”- Open the full source text and the scan or raw PDF.
- Verify the chapter boundary and surrounding context.
- Promote exact quotations only after checking the source image.
- Move mathematical candidates into canonical equation pages only after formula typography is corrected.
- Move diagram candidates into the diagram archive only after image extraction, crop verification, and manifest creation.
- Keep Steinmetz wording, modern translation, and ether-field interpretation in separate labeled layers.