Dielectricity, Capacity, And Displacement Evidence
Dielectricity, Capacity, And Displacement
Section titled “Dielectricity, Capacity, And Displacement”Evidence status: generated from processed OCR/PDF text. Treat each hit as a source-location aid until the passage is checked against the scan.
2963 hits
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15 sources
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193 sections
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What This Theme Gathers
Section titled “What This Theme Gathers”Passages involving dielectric fields, electrostatic capacity, condenser action, displacement current, capacity current, dielectric loss, and condensive reactance.
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Modern Reading Prompt
Track whether Steinmetz is speaking of a physical dielectric, a capacity coefficient, a condenser circuit, or an AC quadrature component.
Interpretive Boundary
Alternative readings that emphasize dielectric compression or counterspatial tendency are interpretive overlays unless Steinmetz’s exact context supports the narrower claim.
Matched Aliases
Section titled “Matched Aliases”| Alias | Hits |
|---|---|
capacity | 1178 |
condenser | 814 |
dielectric | 550 |
electrostatic | 222 |
condensive reactance | 120 |
condensers | 70 |
capacity current | 35 |
dielectrics | 11 |
electrostatic capacity | 7 |
displacement current | 5 |
dielectric loss | 3 |
Source Distribution
Section titled “Source Distribution”Section Hits
Section titled “Section Hits”Representative Source-Located Passages
Section titled “Representative Source-Located Passages”Chapter 14: Dielectric Losses - 138 hit(s)
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CHAPTER XIV DIELECTRIC LOSSES Dielectric Hysteresis 116. Just as magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents give a power component in the inductive reactance, as "effective resistance," so the energy losses in the dielectric lead to a power component in the condensive reactance, which may be repre- sented by an "effec ...CHAPTER XIV DIELECTRIC LOSSES Dielectric Hysteresis 116. Just as magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents give a power component in the inductive reactance, as "effective resistance," so the energy losses in the dielectric lead to a power component in the condensive reactance, which may be repre- sented by an "effective resistance of d ...Chapter 6: Oscillating Currents, - 98 hit(s)
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CHAPTER VI. OSCILLATING CURRENTS, 44. The charge and discharge of a condenser through an inductive circuit produces periodic currents of a frequency depending upon the circuit constants. The range of frequencies which can be produced by electro- dynamic machinery is rather limited: synchronous machines or ordinary alternators can give economically and in units of larg ...... g of the conductors, which is required because of the small pitch per pole of the machine, etc., so that 1000 cycles probably is the limit of generation of constant potential alternating currents of appreciable power and at fair efficiency. For smaller powers, a few kilowatts, by using shunted capacity to assist the excitation, and not attempting to produce constant potential, single-phase alternators have been built and are in commercial service giving 10,000 and even 100,000 cycles, and 200,000-cycle alternators are being designed for wireless telegraphy and telephony. Still, even going t ...Chapter 13: Distributed Capacity, Inductance, Resistance, And Leakage - 86 hit(s)
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CHAPTER XIII. DISTRIBUTED CAPACITY, INDUCTANCE, RESISTANCE, AND LEAKAGE. 107. As far as capacity has been considered in the foregoing chapters, the assumption has been made that the condenser or other source of negative reactance is shunted across the circuit at a definite point. In many cases, how- ever, the capacity is dist ...CHAPTER XIII. DISTRIBUTED CAPACITY, INDUCTANCE, RESISTANCE, AND LEAKAGE. 107. As far as capacity has been considered in the foregoing chapters, the assumption has been made that the condenser or other source of negative reactance is shunted across the circuit at a definite point. In many cases, how- ever, the capacity is distributed over the whole length of the conductor, so that the circ ...Chapter 10: Instability Of Circuits : The Arc - 78 hit(s)
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... e to restart the arc when it goes out, and the arc «■ 1.D ^ iin \ C^ -' litn \ V ^^ fn \ in \ \ ■ ^ ■m ~- ^ .0 ■^ >^ ~ rn ^ ^ m ^ 5- ^ y' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i: Fig. 79. . ia shunted by a condenser, the condenser nmkes the arc unstable and puts it out; the available supply voltage, however, starts it again, and so periodically the arc starts and extinguishes, aa an "oscillating arc." 84. There are certain circuit elements which tend to produce instability, such as arcs, pyroelectric con ...... e arc when it goes out, and the arc «■ 1.D ^ iin \ C^ -' litn \ V ^^ fn \ in \ \ ■ ^ ■m ~- ^ .0 ■^ >^ ~ rn ^ ^ m ^ 5- ^ y' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i: Fig. 79. . ia shunted by a condenser, the condenser nmkes the arc unstable and puts it out; the available supply voltage, however, starts it again, and so periodically the arc starts and extinguishes, aa an "oscillating arc." 84. There are certain circuit elements which tend to produce instability, such as arcs, pyroelectric conductors, conden ...Chapter 5: Resistance, Inductance, And Capacity In Series Condenser Charge And Discharge - 75 hit(s)
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CHAPTER V. RESISTANCE, INDUCTANCE, AND CAPACITY IN SERIES. CONDENSER CHARGE AND DISCHARGE. 29. If a continuous e.m.f . e is impressed upon a circuit contain- ing resistance, inductance, and capacity in series, the stationary condition of the circuit is zero current, i = o, and the poten- tial difference at the condenser equals the impresse ...CHAPTER V. RESISTANCE, INDUCTANCE, AND CAPACITY IN SERIES. CONDENSER CHARGE AND DISCHARGE. 29. If a continuous e.m.f . e is impressed upon a circuit contain- ing resistance, inductance, and capacity in series, the stationary condition of the circuit is zero current, i = o, and the poten- tial difference at the condenser equals the impressed e.m.f., et =• e, no ...Lecture 2: The Electric Field - 70 hit(s)
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... line A into a receiving circuit M. While power flows through the conductors A, power is con- sumed in these conductors by JV[ conversion into heat, repre- sented by ^2r. This, however, Fig. 7. is not all, but in the space surrounding the conductor cer- tain phenomena occur: magnetic and electrostatic forces appear. Fig. 8. — Electric Field of Conductor. The conductor is surrounded by a magnetic field, or a magnetic flux, which is measured by the number of lines of magnetic force $. With a single conductor, the lines of magnetic force are concentric circles, as shown in Fig. 8. By the r ...... ic force are concentric circles, as shown in Fig. 8. By the return conductor, the circles 10 THE ELECTRIC FIELD. 11 are crowded together between the conductors, and the magnetic field consists of eccentric circles surrounding the conductors, as shown by the drawn lines in Fig. 9. An electrostatic, or, as more properly called, dielectric field, issues from the conductors, that is, a dielectric flux passes between the conductors, which is measured by the number of lines of dielectric force ^. With a single conductor, the lines of dielectric force are radial straight lines, as shown dotted ...Lecture 2: The Electric Field - 70 hit(s)
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... er line A into a receiving circuit L. While power flows through the conductors A, power is con- sumed in these conductors by conversion into heat, repre- sented by i?r. This, however, Fig. 7. is not all, but in the space surrounding the conductor cer- tain phenomena occur: magnetic and electrostatic forces appear. Fig. 8. — Electric Field of Conductor. The conductor is surrounded by a magnetic field, or a magnetic flux, which is measured by the number of lines of magnetic force <J>. With a single conductor, the lines of magnetic force are concentric circles, as shown in Fig. 8. By the ...... ic force are concentric circles, as shown in Fig. 8. By the return conductor, the circles 10 THE ELECTRIC FIELD. 11 are crowded together between the conductors, and the magnetic field consists of eccentric circles surrounding the conductors, as shown by the drawn lines in Fig. 9. An electrostatic, or, as more properly called, dielectric field, issues from the conductors, that is, a dielectric flux passes between the conductors, which is measured by the number of lines of dielectric force ty. With a single conductor, the lines of dielectric force are radial straight lines, as shown dotte ...Chapter 14: Constant-Potential Constant-Current Trans Formation - 67 hit(s)
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... rnating voltage, or inversely, constitutes a good application of the terms "impedance," admittance," etc., and offers a large number of problems or examples for the symbolic method of dealing with alternating-current phenomena. Even outside of arc lighting, such combinations of inductance and capacity which t«nd toward constant-voltage constant-cur- rent transformation are of considerable importance as a poffsiblo source of danger to the system. In a constant-current circuit, the load is taken off by short-circuiting, while opc;n-circuiting causes the voltage to rise to the maximum value pcj ...... r Xo = Vxoo* - r2 - At (15) Non-inductive load : Xo = Vxoo^ - r2. (16) 131. As seen, a constant series inductive reactance gives an approximately constant-current regulation with non-inductive load, but if the load is inductive this regulation is spoiled. Inversely it can be shown, that condensive reactance, that is, a source of leading current in the load, improves the constant- current regulation. With a non-inductive load, series condensive reactance exerts the same efifect on the current regulation as series inductive re- actance; the equations discussed in the preceding paragraphs re- main ...Lecture 10: Continual And Cumulative Oscillations - 65 hit(s)
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... LATIONS. 43. A transient is the phenomenon by which the stored energy readjusts itself to a change of circuit conditions. In an oscilla- tory transient, the difference of stored energy of the previous and the after condition of the circuit, at a circuit change, oscillates between magnetic and dielectric energy. As there always must be some energy dissipation in the circuit, the oscillating energy of the transient must steadily decline, that is, the transient must die out, at a rate depending on the energy dissipation in the cir- cuit. Thus, the oscillation resulting from a change of circuit ...... ne. 122 ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES, WAVES ANDJMPULSES grams, Figs. 62 to 65, were taken on an artificial transmission line.* Oscillations of the type 64 and 65 are industrially used, as ''sing- ing arc, " in wireless telegraphy, and are produced by shunting a suitable arc by a circuit containing capacity and inductance in series with each other. Fig. 62. — Semi -continuous Recurrent Oscillation of Arcing Ground in Transmission Line. Fig. 63. — Semi-continuous Hecurrent Oscillation of Arcing Ground in Transmission Lino. * "Design, Construction and Test of an Artificial Transmission Line, ...Chapter 1: The Constants Of The Electric Circuit - 63 hit(s)
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... (Thus, while the voltage may decrease from generator to receiver circuit, as is usually the case, or may increase, as in an alternating-current circuit with leading current, and while the current may remain constant throughout the circuit, or decrease, as in a transmission line of considerable capacity with a leading or non-inductive receiver circuit, the flow of energy always decreases from generating to receiving circuit, and the power gradient therefore is characteristic of the direc- tion of the flow of energy.) In the space outside of the conductor, during the flow of energy through t ...... e conductor exerts magnetic and elec- trostatic actions. The magnetic action is a maximum in the direction concen- tric, or approximately so, to the conductor. That is, a needle- shaped magnetizable body, as an iron needle, tends to set itself in a direction concentric to the conductor. The electrostatic action has a maximum in a direction radial, or approximately so, to the conductor. That is, a light needle- shaped conducting body, if the electrostatic component of the field is powerful enough, tends to set itself in a direction radial to the conductor, and light bodies are attracted or repel ...Chapter 7: Resistance, Inductance, And Capacity In Series In Alternating-Current Circuit - 60 hit(s)
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CHAPTER VII. RESISTANCE, INDUCTANCE, AND CAPACITY IN SERIES IN ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUIT. 65. Let, at time t = 0 or 0 = 0, the e.m.f., e = E cos (0 - 00), (1) be impressed upon a circuit containing in series the resistance, r, the inductance, L, and the capacity, C. The inductive reactance is x = 2 TT/L 1 and the condensive reactance ...CHAPTER VII. RESISTANCE, INDUCTANCE, AND CAPACITY IN SERIES IN ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUIT. 65. Let, at time t = 0 or 0 = 0, the e.m.f., e = E cos (0 - 00), (1) be impressed upon a circuit containing in series the resistance, r, the inductance, L, and the capacity, C. The inductive reactance is x = 2 TT/L 1 and the condensive reactance is xc = > 2 7T/C J where/ = frequency and 6 = 2 nft. (3) Then the e.m.f. consumed by resistance is ri\ the e.m.f. consumed by inductance, is di di Ldt = xJe' and the e.m.f. consumed by capacity is , (4) wh ...Chapter 15: Distributed Capacity, Inductance, Resistance, And Leakage - 59 hit(s)
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CHAPTER XV DISTRIBUTED CAPACITY, INDUCTANCE, RESISTANCE, AND LEAKAGE 127. In the foregoing, the phenomena causing loss of energy in an alternating-current circuit have been discussed; and it has been shown that the mutual relation between current and e.m.f. can be expressed by two of the four constants: power component of ...... tant. In what follows, the quantities r, x, g, b, will always be consid- ered as the coefficients of the power and reactive components of current and e.m.f. — ^that is, as the effective quantities — so that the results are directly appHcable to the general electric circuit containing iron and dielectric losses. Introducing now, in Chapters VIII, to XI, instead of "ohmic resistance," the term "effective resistance," etc., as discussed in the preceding chapter, the results apply also — within the range discussed in the preceding chapter — to circuits containing iron and other materials produci ...Chapter 12: Dibtbisnted Capacity, Inductance, Besistance, And - 59 hit(s)
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CHAPTER XII. DIBTBISnTED CAPACITY, INDUCTANCE, BESISTANCE, AND liEAKAGE. 102. As far as capacity has been considered in the foregoing chapters, the assumption has been made that the condenser or other source of negative reactance is shunted across the circuit at a definite point. In many cases, how- ever, the capacity is di ...CHAPTER XII. DIBTBISnTED CAPACITY, INDUCTANCE, BESISTANCE, AND liEAKAGE. 102. As far as capacity has been considered in the foregoing chapters, the assumption has been made that the condenser or other source of negative reactance is shunted across the circuit at a definite point. In many cases, how- ever, the capacity is distributed over the whole length of the conductor, so that the circ ...Lecture 10: Inductance And Capacity Of Round Parallel Conductors - 58 hit(s)
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LECTURE X. INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITY OF ROUND PARALLEL CONDUCTORS. A. Inductance and capacity. 43. As inductance and capacity are the two circuit constants which represent the energy storage, and which therefore are of fundamental importance in the study of transients, their calcula- tion is discussed in the following. The i ...LECTURE X. INDUCTANCE AND CAPACITY OF ROUND PARALLEL CONDUCTORS. A. Inductance and capacity. 43. As inductance and capacity are the two circuit constants which represent the energy storage, and which therefore are of fundamental importance in the study of transients, their calcula- tion is discussed in the following. The inductance is the ratio of the interlinkages of the mag- net ...Chapter 9: Inductive Discharges - 58 hit(s)
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... ISCHARGES. 64. The discharge of an inductance into a transmission line may be considered as an illustration of the phenomena in a complex circuit comprising sections of very different constants; that is, a combination of a circuit section of high inductance and small resistance and negligible capacity and conductance, as a generating station, with a circuit of distributed capacity and inductance, as a transmission line. The extreme case of such a discharge would occur if a short circuit at the busbars of a gen- erating station opens while the transmission line is connected to the generating ...... onsidered as an illustration of the phenomena in a complex circuit comprising sections of very different constants; that is, a combination of a circuit section of high inductance and small resistance and negligible capacity and conductance, as a generating station, with a circuit of distributed capacity and inductance, as a transmission line. The extreme case of such a discharge would occur if a short circuit at the busbars of a gen- erating station opens while the transmission line is connected to the generating station. Let r = the total resistance and L = the total inductance of the indu ...Chapter 24: Symbolic Representation Of General Alternating Waves - 56 hit(s)
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... e complex vector quantity. The replacement of the general wave by its equivalent sine wave, as before discussed, that is a sine wave of equal effective intensity and equal power, while sufficiently accu- rate in many cases, completely fails in other cases, espe- cially in circuits containing capacity, or in circuits containing periodically (and in synchronism with the wave) varying resistance or reactance (as alternating arcs, reaction ma- chines, synchronous induction motors, oversaturated mag- netic circuits, etc.). Since, however, the individual harmonics of the general alternating wa ...... is that part of the reactance which is proportional to the frequency (inductance, etc.). x0 is that part of the reactance which is independent of the frequency (mutual induction, synchronous motion, etc.). xc is that part of the reactance which is inversely pro- portional to the frequency (capacity, etc.). The impedance for the nth harmonic is, r —Jnn xm This term can be considered as the general symbolic expression of the impedance of a circuit of general wave shape. 412 ALTERNATING-CURRENT PHENOMENA. Ohm's law, in symbolic expression, assumes for the general alternating wave ...Chapter 27: Symbolic Representation Of General Alternating Waves - 54 hit(s)
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... ne complex vector quantity. The replacement of the general wave by its equivalent sine wave, as before discussed, that is, a sine wave of equal effective intensity and equal power, while sufficiently accurate in many cases, completely fails in other cases, especially in circuits con- taining capacity, or in circuits containing periodically (and in synchronism with the wave) varying resistance or reactance (as alternating arcs, reaction machines, synchronous induction motors, oversaturated magnetic circuits, etc.). Since, however, the individual harmonics of the general alter- nating wave ...... s that part of the reactance which is proportional to the frequency (inductance, etc.), ^ Xo is that part of the reactance which is independent of the frequency (mutual inductance, synchronous motion, etc.). Xc is that part of the reactance which is inversely propor- tional to the frequency (capacity, etc.). The impedance for the nth harmonic is + jn (nxr^ + a^o + -^ ) This term can be considered as the general symbolic expression of the impedance of a circuit of general wave-shape. Ohm's law, in symbolic expression, assumes for the general alternating wave the form 7 = ^or, S2n-i ...Chapter 2: Introduction - 53 hit(s)
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... ds Fig. 1. Rise and decay of continuous current in an inductive circuit. continuous current in an inductive circuit: the exciting current of an alternator field, or a circuit having the constants r = 12 ohms; L = 6 henrys, and eQ = 240 volts; the abscissas being seconds of time. 13. If an electrostatic condenser of capacity C is connected to a continuous e.m.f. e0, no current exists, in stationary con- dition, in this direct-current circuit (except that a very small current may leak through the insulation or the dielectric of the condenser), but the condenser is charged to the potential dif- ...... Rise and decay of continuous current in an inductive circuit. continuous current in an inductive circuit: the exciting current of an alternator field, or a circuit having the constants r = 12 ohms; L = 6 henrys, and eQ = 240 volts; the abscissas being seconds of time. 13. If an electrostatic condenser of capacity C is connected to a continuous e.m.f. e0, no current exists, in stationary con- dition, in this direct-current circuit (except that a very small current may leak through the insulation or the dielectric of the condenser), but the condenser is charged to the potential dif- ference e ...Chapter 4: Induction Motor With Secondary Excitation - 52 hit(s)
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... the speed is very low, that is, the number of poles large compared with the out- put, and the pole pitch thus must for economical reasons be kept small — as for instance a 100-hp. 60-cycle motor for 90 revolu- tions, that is, 80 poles— or where the requirement of an exutMrVV momentary overload capacity has to be met, etc. In such motors of necessity the exciting current or current at no-load — which is practically all magnetizing current — is a very large part of full-load current, and while fair efficiencies may nevertheless be secured, power-factor and apparent efficiency necessarily are v ...... field is excited in scries or shunt with the armature, in the circuit of the induction machine secondary, it generates voltage at the frequency of slip, whatever the latter may be. That is, the induction motor remains asynchronous, increases in slip with increase of load. 5. Excitation by a condenser in the secondary circuit of the induction motor. As the magnetizing current required by the induction motor is a reactive, that is, wattless lagging current, it does not require a generator for its production, but any apparatus consuming lead- ing, that is, generating lagging currents, such a ...Chapter 11: Foucault Or Eddy Currents - 51 hit(s)
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... umed thereby effective resistance of mutual inductance ; ^ = effective reactance of mutual inductance. The susceptance of mutual inductance is negative, or of opposite sign from the reactance of self-inductance. Or, Mutual inductance consumes energy and decreases the self- inductance. Dielectric and Electrostatic Phenomena. 98. While magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents can be considered as the energy component of inductance, con- densance has an energy component also, namely, dielectric hysteresis. In an alternating magnetic field, energy is con- sumed in hysteresis due to molecular ...... effective resistance of mutual inductance ; ^ = effective reactance of mutual inductance. The susceptance of mutual inductance is negative, or of opposite sign from the reactance of self-inductance. Or, Mutual inductance consumes energy and decreases the self- inductance. Dielectric and Electrostatic Phenomena. 98. While magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents can be considered as the energy component of inductance, con- densance has an energy component also, namely, dielectric hysteresis. In an alternating magnetic field, energy is con- sumed in hysteresis due to molecular friction, and sim ...Chapter 11: Fouoault Or Eddy 0Ubbent8 - 48 hit(s)
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... nductance ; r,» + jf« — »f », Xi b = — ^-^^^ — ■* = effective susceptance of mutual inductance. The susceptance of mutual inductance is negative, or of opposite sign from the susceptance of self-inductance. Or, Mutual itidtutance consumes energy and decreases the self- inductatice. Dielectric and Electrostatic Phenomena, 98. While magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents can be considered as the energy component of inductance, cori- densance has an energy component also, called dielectric hysteresis. In an alternating magnetic field, energy is con- sumed in hysteresis due to molecula ...... r,» + jf« — »f », Xi b = — ^-^^^ — ■* = effective susceptance of mutual inductance. The susceptance of mutual inductance is negative, or of opposite sign from the susceptance of self-inductance. Or, Mutual itidtutance consumes energy and decreases the self- inductatice. Dielectric and Electrostatic Phenomena, 98. While magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents can be considered as the energy component of inductance, cori- densance has an energy component also, called dielectric hysteresis. In an alternating magnetic field, energy is con- sumed in hysteresis due to molecular friction, and si ...Theory Section 19: Fields of Force - 44 hit(s)
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... cause the stone to fall toward the earth, and water to run down hill — and this space thus is a field of gravitational force, the earth the gram- motive force. In the space surrounding conductors having a high potential difference, we observe a field of dielectric force, that is, electro- static or dielectric forces are exerted, and the potential difference between the conductors is the electromotive force of the dielectric field. The force exerted by the earth as gravimotive force, on any mass in the gravitational fi ...... nd water to run down hill — and this space thus is a field of gravitational force, the earth the gram- motive force. In the space surrounding conductors having a high potential difference, we observe a field of dielectric force, that is, electro- static or dielectric forces are exerted, and the potential difference between the conductors is the electromotive force of the dielectric field. The force exerted by the earth as gravimotive force, on any mass in the gravitational field of the earth, causes the mass to move w ...Chapter 9: Divided Circuit - 44 hit(s)
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CHAPTER IX. DIVIDED CIRCUIT. 72. A circuit consisting of two branches or multiple circuits 1 and 2 may be supplied, over a line or circuit 3, with an impressed e.m.f., e0. Let, in such a circuit, shown diagrammatically in Fig 31, rv Lv Cl and r2, L2, Cz — resistance, inductance, and capacity, respectively, of the two branch circuits 1 and 2; r0, L0, C0 = Co Fig. 31. Divided circuit. resistance, inductance, and capacity of the undivided part of the circuit, 3. Furthermore let e = potential difference at terminals of branch circuits 1 and 2, it and i2 respectively = currents in ...... e or circuit 3, with an impressed e.m.f., e0. Let, in such a circuit, shown diagrammatically in Fig 31, rv Lv Cl and r2, L2, Cz — resistance, inductance, and capacity, respectively, of the two branch circuits 1 and 2; r0, L0, C0 = Co Fig. 31. Divided circuit. resistance, inductance, and capacity of the undivided part of the circuit, 3. Furthermore let e = potential difference at terminals of branch circuits 1 and 2, it and i2 respectively = currents in branch circuits 1 and 2, and i3 = current in undivided part of circuit, 3. Then ia = il + i2 and e.m.f. at the terminals of circuit ...Lecture 6: Double-Energy Transients - 43 hit(s)
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... power-dissipation coefficient. Thus, if energy is stored by the current i, as magnetic field. To = -, (2) r where L = inductance = coefficient of energy storage by the cur- rent, r = resistance = coefficient of power dissipation by the current. If the energy is stored by the voltage e, as dielectric field, the duration of the transient would be TV - -, (3) g 59 60 ELECTRIC DISCHARGES, WAVES AND IMPULSES. where C = capacity = coefficient of energy storage by the volt- age, in the dielectric field, and g = conductance = coefficient of power consumption by the voltage, as leakage con ...... coefficient of energy storage by the cur- rent, r = resistance = coefficient of power dissipation by the current. If the energy is stored by the voltage e, as dielectric field, the duration of the transient would be TV - -, (3) g 59 60 ELECTRIC DISCHARGES, WAVES AND IMPULSES. where C = capacity = coefficient of energy storage by the volt- age, in the dielectric field, and g = conductance = coefficient of power consumption by the voltage, as leakage conductance by the voltage, corona, dielectric hysteresis, etc. Thus the transient of the spontaneous discharge of a condenser would be ...Lecture 6: Double-Energy Transients - 43 hit(s)
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... the power-dissipation coefficient. Thus, if energy is stored by the current i, as magnetic field, T0 = £, (2) where L = inductance = coefficient of energy storage by the cur- rent, r = resistance = coefficient of power dissipation by the current. If the energy is stored by the voltage e, as dielectric field, the duration of the transient would be TJ = -, (3) s/ 59 60 ELECTRIC DISCHARGES, WAVES AND IMPULSES. where C = capacity = coefficient of energy storage by the volt- age, in the dielectric field, and g = conductance = coefficient of power consumption by the voltage, as leakage co ...... oefficient of energy storage by the cur- rent, r = resistance = coefficient of power dissipation by the current. If the energy is stored by the voltage e, as dielectric field, the duration of the transient would be TJ = -, (3) s/ 59 60 ELECTRIC DISCHARGES, WAVES AND IMPULSES. where C = capacity = coefficient of energy storage by the volt- age, in the dielectric field, and g = conductance = coefficient of power consumption by the voltage, as leakage conductance by the voltage, corona, dielectric hysteresis, etc. Thus the transient of the spontaneous discharge of a condenser would be ...Chapter 2: Long-Distance Transmission Line - 41 hit(s)
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... Z = 783 miles for./, - 60 cycles. It follows herefrom that many existing transmission lines are such small fractions of a quarter-wave length of the impressed frequency that the change of voltage and current along the line can be assumed as linear, or at least as parabolic; that is, the line capacity can be represented by a condenser in the middle of the line, or by condensers in the middle and at the two ends of the line, the former of four times the capacity of either of the two latter (the first approximation giving linear, the second a para- bolic distribution). For further investigat ...... . It follows herefrom that many existing transmission lines are such small fractions of a quarter-wave length of the impressed frequency that the change of voltage and current along the line can be assumed as linear, or at least as parabolic; that is, the line capacity can be represented by a condenser in the middle of the line, or by condensers in the middle and at the two ends of the line, the former of four times the capacity of either of the two latter (the first approximation giving linear, the second a para- bolic distribution). For further investigation of these approximations see "T ...Chapter 8: Circuits Containing Resistance, Inductance, And Capacity - 39 hit(s)
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CHAPTER VIII. CIRCUITS CONTAINING RESISTANCE, INDUCTANCE, AND CAPACITY. 42. Having, in the foregoing, reestablished Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws as being also the fundamental laws of alternating-current circuits, when expressed in their com- plex form, E = ZS, or, / = YE, and *%E = 0 in a closed circuit, S/ = 0 at a distributing point, where E, I, Z, Y, ...... rnating wave, — we can now — by application of these laws, and in the same manner as with continuous- current circuits, keeping in mind, however, that E, I, Z, Y, are complex quantities — calculate alternating-current cir- cuits and networks of circuits containing resistance, induc- tance, and capacity in any combination, without meeting with greater difficulties than when dealing with continuous- current circuits. It is obviously not possible to discuss with any com- pleteness all the infinite varieties of combinations of resis- tance, inductance, and capacity which can be imagined, and w ...Theory Section 11: Capacity and Condensers - 35 hit(s)
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11. CAPACITY AND CONDENSERS 51. The charge of an electric condenser is proportional to the impressed voltage, that is, potential difference at its terminals, and to its capacity. A condenser is said to have unit capacity if unit current exist- ing for one second produ ...11. CAPACITY AND CONDENSERS 51. The charge of an electric condenser is proportional to the impressed voltage, that is, potential difference at its terminals, and to its capacity. A condenser is said to have unit capacity if unit current exist- ing for one second produces unit differ ...Chapter 37: Quarter-Phase System - 35 hit(s)
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... nary numbers are represented by the points of half-axis OB' downward; the complex imaginary or general numbers are represented by the points outside of the coordinate axes. INDEX Absolute values of complex quanti- ties, 37 Actual generated e.m.f., alternator, 272 Admittance, 55 of dielectric, 154 due to eddy currents, 137 to hysteresis, 129 Admittivity of dielectric circuit, 160 Air-gap in magnetic circuit, 119, 132 Ambiguity of vectors, 39 Amplitude, 6, 20 Apparent capacity of distorted wave, 386 efficiency of induction motor, 234 impedance of transformer, 201 torque eff ...... mplex imaginary or general numbers are represented by the points outside of the coordinate axes. INDEX Absolute values of complex quanti- ties, 37 Actual generated e.m.f., alternator, 272 Admittance, 55 of dielectric, 154 due to eddy currents, 137 to hysteresis, 129 Admittivity of dielectric circuit, 160 Air-gap in magnetic circuit, 119, 132 Ambiguity of vectors, 39 Amplitude, 6, 20 Apparent capacity of distorted wave, 386 efficiency of induction motor, 234 impedance of transformer, 201 torque efficiency of induction motor, 234 Arc causing harmonics, 353 as pulsating res ...Chapter 8: Capacity - 35 hit(s)
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CHAPTER VIII. <?IBCniTS CONTAININa RESISTANCX:, INDUCTANCX:, AND CAPACITY. 42. Having, in the foregoing, reestablished Ohm*s law and Kirchhoff' s laws as being also the fundamental laws of alternating-current circuits, or, as expressed in their com- plexform. ^ _^ ' „_ E -= ZJ^ or, / = \Ey and S-f = in a closed circuit, 5/ = at a distributing point, where ...... rnating wave, — we can now — by application of these laws, and in the same manner as with continuous- current circuits, keeping in mind, however, that E, /, Z, V, are complex quantities — calculate alternating-current cir- cuits and networks of circuits containing resistance, induc- tance, and capacity in any combination, without meeting with greater difficulties than when dealing with continuous- current circuits. It is obviously not possible to discuss with any com- pleteness all the infinite varieties of combinations of resis- tance, inductance, and capacity which can be imagined, and w ...