Lecture 4: Load Factor And Cost Of Power
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Source Metadata
Section titled “Source Metadata”| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Source | General Lectures on Electrical Engineering |
| Year | 1908 |
| Section ID | general-lectures-electrical-engineering-lecture-04 |
| Location | lines 1527-2561 |
| Status | candidate |
| Word Count | 2297 |
| Equation Candidates In Section | 6 |
| Figure Candidates In Section | 0 |
| Quote Candidates In Section | 0 |
Opening Source Excerpt
Section titled “Opening Source Excerpt”FOURTH LECTURE LOAD FACTOR AND COST OF POWER The cost of the power supplied at the customer's meter consists of three parts. A. A fixed cost, that is, cost which is independent of the amount of power used, or the same whether the system is fully loaded or carries practically no load. Of this character, for instance, is the interest on the investment in the plant, the salaries of its officers, etc. B. A cost which is proportional to the amount of power used. Such a proportional cost, for instance, is that of fuel in a steam plant. C. A cost depending on the reliability of service required, as the cost of keeping a steam reserve in a water power trans- mission, or a storage battery reserve in a direct current dis- tribution. Since ofSource-Located Theme Snippets
Section titled “Source-Located Theme Snippets”Radiation / light
Section titled “Radiation / light”... URES Salaries are fixed cost, A ; labor, attendance and inspection are partly fixed cost A, partly proportional cost B, — economy of operation requires therefore a shifting of as large a part thereof over into class B, by shutting down smaller substations during periods of light load, etc. Incandescent lamp renewals, arc lamp trimming, etc., are essentially proportional costs, B. The reserve capacity of a plant, the steam reserve main- tained at the receiving end of a transmission line, the difference in cost between a duplicate pole line and a s ...Dielectricity / capacity
Section titled “Dielectricity / capacity”... in a direct current dis- tribution. Since of the three parts of the cost, only one, B, is propor- tional to the power used, hence constant per kilowatt output, — the other two parts being independent of the output, — hence the higher per kilowatt, the smaller a part of the capacity of the plant the output is ; it follows that the cost of power delivered is a function of the ratio of the actual output of the plant, to the available capacity. Interest on the investment of developing the water power or building the steam plant, the transmission lines, c ...Waves / transmission lines
Section titled “Waves / transmission lines”... part of the capacity of the plant the output is ; it follows that the cost of power delivered is a function of the ratio of the actual output of the plant, to the available capacity. Interest on the investment of developing the water power or building the steam plant, the transmission lines, cables and distribution circuits, and depreciation are items of the character A, or fixed cost, since they are practically independent of the power which is produced and utilized. Fuel in a steam plant, oil, etc., are proportional costs, that is, essentially depending on ...Alternating current
Section titled “Alternating current”FOURTH LECTURE LOAD FACTOR AND COST OF POWER The cost of the power supplied at the customer's meter consists of three parts. A. A fixed cost, that is, cost which is independent of the amount of power used, or the same whether the system is fully loaded or carries practically no load. Of this chara ...Chapter-Local Concept Hits
Section titled “Chapter-Local Concept Hits”| Concept Candidate | Hits In Section | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Light | 17 | seeded |
| Ether | 2 | seeded |
| Arc lamp | 1 | seeded |
Chapter-Local Glossary Hits
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| ether | 2 | seeded |
Equation Candidates
Section titled “Equation Candidates”| Candidate ID | OCR / PDF-Text Candidate | Source Location |
|---|---|---|
general-lectures-electrical-engineering-eq-candidate-0028 | LOAD FACTOR AND COST OF POWER 53 | line 1607 |
general-lectures-electrical-engineering-eq-candidate-0029 | For instance, Fig. 14 shows an approximate load curve | line 1884 |
general-lectures-electrical-engineering-eq-candidate-0030 | LOAD FACTOR AND COST OF POWER 55 | line 1888 |
general-lectures-electrical-engineering-eq-candidate-0031 | shape shown in Fig. 16: fairly constant from the opening | line 2338 |
general-lectures-electrical-engineering-eq-candidate-0032 | LOAD FACTOR AND COST OF POWER 57 | line 2345 |
general-lectures-electrical-engineering-eq-candidate-0033 | LOAD FACTOR AND COST OF POWER 59 | line 2535 |
Figure Candidates
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| No chapter-local candidates yet | - | - |
Hidden-Gem Quote Candidates
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| No chapter-local candidates yet | - | - |
Modern Engineering Reading Prompts
Section titled “Modern Engineering Reading Prompts”- Radiation / light: Compare the chapter’s radiation vocabulary with modern electromagnetic radiation, spectral frequency, wavelength, absorption, and illumination engineering.
- Dielectricity / capacity: Check whether the passage treats capacity, condensers, displacement, or dielectric stress as field storage rather than only circuit algebra.
- Waves / transmission lines: Map Steinmetz’s wave and line language onto modern distributed constants, propagation velocity, standing waves, and reflections.
- Alternating current: Compare Steinmetz’s AC language with modern sinusoidal steady-state analysis, RMS quantities, phase, and phasor notation.
- Ether references: Verify exact wording before drawing conclusions. Ether language must be separated from later interpretive systems.
Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary
Section titled “Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary”- Radiation / light: Radiation and wave language can invite ether-field comparison, but source wording, modern radiation theory, and speculative synthesis must stay separated.
- Dielectricity / capacity: A Wheeler-style reading may emphasize dielectric compression, field stress, and stored potential, but this page treats that as interpretation unless Steinmetz explicitly says it.
- Waves / transmission lines: Standing/traveling wave passages may support richer field interpretations; the page keeps those readings separate from verified Steinmetz wording.
- Ether references: If Steinmetz mentions ether, quote only the verified source words first; any broader ether-field synthesis belongs in a labeled interpretive layer.
Promotion Checklist
Section titled “Promotion Checklist”- Open the full source text and the scan or raw PDF.
- Verify the chapter boundary and surrounding context.
- Promote exact quotations only after checking the source image.
- Move mathematical candidates into canonical equation pages only after formula typography is corrected.
- Move diagram candidates into the diagram archive only after image extraction, crop verification, and manifest creation.
- Keep Steinmetz wording, modern translation, and ether-field interpretation in separate labeled layers.