Chapter 15: Constant-Voltage Series Operation
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Source Metadata
Section titled “Source Metadata”| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Source | Theory and Calculation of Electric Circuits |
| Year | 1917 |
| Section ID | theory-calculation-electric-circuits-chapter-15 |
| Location | lines 27996-29301 |
| Status | candidate |
| Word Count | 3251 |
| Equation Candidates In Section | 0 |
| Figure Candidates In Section | 1 |
| Quote Candidates In Section | 0 |
Opening Source Excerpt
Section titled “Opening Source Excerpt”CHAPTER XV CONSTANT-VOLTAGE SERIES OPERATION 166. Where a considerable number of devices, distributed over a large area, and each consuming a small amount of power, are to be operated in the same circuit, low- voltage supply — 110 or 220 volts — usually is not feasible, due to the distances, and high- voltage distribution — ^2300 volts — with individual step-down transformers at the consuming devices, usually is uneconomical, due to the small power consumption of each device. In such a case, series connection of the devices is the most eco- nomical arrangement, and therefore conmionly used. Such for instance is the case in lighting the streets of a city, etc. Most of the street lighting has been done by arc lamps operated on constant-current circuits, and as the imiversal electric power supply today isSource-Located Theme Snippets
Section titled “Source-Located Theme Snippets”Impedance / reactance
Section titled “Impedance / reactance”... unctures and puts the second lamp in circuit. However, in general such arrange- ment is too complicated for use. As practically all such circuits would be alternating-current circuits, and thus alternating currents only need to be considered, the question arises, whether a reactance shunting each lamp would not give the desired effect. Suppose each lamp, of resist- ance, r, is shunted by a reactance, x, which is sufficiently large not to withdraw too much current from the lamp: assuming the cur- rent shunted by x is 20 per cent, of the current in the la ...Waves / transmission lines
Section titled “Waves / transmission lines”... improved, by the line and leakage reactance, from g = 4 per cent, to 5 = 1.5 per cent, as seen in Fig. 127. 163. In paragraph 161 and the preceding, the shunted react- ances, 61 and 62, have been assumed as constant and independent of p. However, with the change of p, the wave-shape distortion between current and voltage changes, as with increasing p, more and more saturated reactors are thrown into the circuit and dis- tort the current wave. As 61 is shunted by gf, and carries a small part of the current only, and g is non-inductive, the change ...Complex quantities
Section titled “Complex quantities”... the lamp terminals, by p per cent., gives a variation of current of about 0.6p per cent., and thus a variation 297 298 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS of power of about l.Qp per cent., while a variation of current in the P lamp, by p per cent., gives a variation of voltage of about jr-^ per cent., and thus a variation of power of about (1 + 7r^)p = 2.67 p per cent. Thus, with the increasing use of incandescent lamps for street illumination, series operation in a constant-voltage circuit be- comes of increasing importance. If e = rated voltage, i = ra ...Radiation / light
Section titled “Radiation / light”... ep-down transformers at the consuming devices, usually is uneconomical, due to the small power consumption of each device. In such a case, series connection of the devices is the most eco- nomical arrangement, and therefore conmionly used. Such for instance is the case in lighting the streets of a city, etc. Most of the street lighting has been done by arc lamps operated on constant-current circuits, and as the imiversal electric power supply today is at constant voltage, transformation from constant voltage to constant current thus is of importan ...Chapter-Local Concept Hits
Section titled “Chapter-Local Concept Hits”| Concept Candidate | Hits In Section | Status |
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| Light | 4 | seeded |
| Ether | 3 | seeded |
| Arc lamp | 2 | seeded |
| Illumination | 1 | seeded |
Chapter-Local Glossary Hits
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| ether | 3 | seeded |
Equation Candidates
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Figure Candidates
Section titled “Figure Candidates”| Candidate ID | OCR / PDF-Text Candidate | Source Location |
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theory-calculation-electric-circuits-fig-127 | That is, the regulation is improved, by the line and leakage reactance, from g = 4 per cent, to 5 = 1.5 per cent, as seen in Fig. 127. 163. In paragraph 161 and the preceding, t… | line 29165 |
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Modern Engineering Reading Prompts
Section titled “Modern Engineering Reading Prompts”- Impedance / reactance: Translate historical opposition terms into modern impedance, admittance, conductance, susceptance, and complex-plane notation.
- Waves / transmission lines: Map Steinmetz’s wave and line language onto modern distributed constants, propagation velocity, standing waves, and reflections.
- Complex quantities: Track how Steinmetz preserves geometric rotation and quadrature while translating the same operation into symbolic form.
- Radiation / light: Compare the chapter’s radiation vocabulary with modern electromagnetic radiation, spectral frequency, wavelength, absorption, and illumination engineering.
- Ether references: Verify exact wording before drawing conclusions. Ether language must be separated from later interpretive systems.
Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary
Section titled “Ether-Field Interpretive Boundary”- Waves / transmission lines: Standing/traveling wave passages may support richer field interpretations; the page keeps those readings separate from verified Steinmetz wording.
- Radiation / light: Radiation and wave language can invite ether-field comparison, but source wording, modern radiation theory, and speculative synthesis must stay separated.
- Ether references: If Steinmetz mentions ether, quote only the verified source words first; any broader ether-field synthesis belongs in a labeled interpretive layer.
Promotion Checklist
Section titled “Promotion Checklist”- Open the full source text and the scan or raw PDF.
- Verify the chapter boundary and surrounding context.
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- Move mathematical candidates into canonical equation pages only after formula typography is corrected.
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