CHAPTER III. STANDING WAVES. 442 14. Oscillatory, critical and gradual standing wave. 442 15. The wave length which divides the gradual from the oscillatory wave. 446 16. High-power high-potential overhead transmission line. Character of waves. Numerical example. General equations. 449 17. High-potential underground power cable. Character of waves. Numerical example. General equations. 452 18. Submarine telegraph cable. Existence of logarithmic waves. 454 19. Long distance telephone circuit. Numerical example. Effect of leakage. Effect of inductance or "loading." 454